加利弗尼亚大学:ω-3与ω-6比率对前列腺癌的调节作用

食用鱼油欧米伽－3 /欧米伽－6多不饱和脂肪酸比率对前列腺癌的调节作用
William J. Aronson a, John A. Glaspyb, Srinivasa T. Reddyc, David Reesed, David Hebere and Dilprit Baggab
a加利弗尼亚大学医学院及洛杉矶西部军事医学中心泌尿外科，洛杉矶，加利弗尼亚，美国
b 加利弗尼亚大学医学院血液－肿瘤科，洛杉矶，加利弗尼亚，美国
c 加利弗尼亚大学医学院医学分子及药理学部心脏病科，洛杉矶，加利弗尼亚，美国
d 加利弗尼亚大学医学院泌尿系肿瘤规划所，圣弗兰西斯科，圣弗兰西斯科综合性肿瘤中心，加利弗尼亚，美国
e 加利弗尼亚大学医学院人类营养学中心，洛杉矶，加利弗尼亚，美国
（上海展望集团翻译）


　　摘要
　　目的：动物实验及人群流行病学研究的结论均支持补充鱼油欧米伽－3多不饱和脂肪酸的低脂饮食具有预防和抑制前列腺癌发生和进展的作用。作为在临床上研究补充鱼油欧米伽－3多不饱和脂肪酸的低脂饮食(LF/FOS)的作用的第一步，我们对未经治疗的前列腺患者进行了前瞻性研究，以评价3个月的低脂干预饮食是否会影响血浆和臀部脂肪中的欧米伽－3 /欧米伽－6多不饱和脂肪酸比率。另外，我们还分析了干预饮食前后前列腺针吸活组织检查活检标本，并评估了研究活体组织中环氧化酶－2(COX-2)表达的可行性。

　　方法：9名未经任何治疗的前列腺癌患者进行欧米伽－3多不饱和脂肪酸低脂饮食干预共3个月。我们获得了饮食干预前后前列腺癌患者血浆、臀部脂肪组织及前列腺针吸活组织检查活检标本。我们利用气液色谱法分析了血浆、臀部脂肪组织中的脂肪酸组成，我们利用半定量的逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)分析了前列腺活检组织中的环氧化酶－2的表达情况。

　　结果：欧米伽－3多不饱和脂肪酸低脂饮食（LF/FOS）的短期干预便可引起前列腺癌患者血浆(P = 0.002)、臀部脂肪组织(P = 0.002)中欧米伽－3 /欧米伽－6多不饱和脂肪酸比率明显增加。我们利用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)定量了7名前列腺癌患者活检组织中的环氧化酶－2的表达情况，发现其中4名患者活检组织中环氧化酶－2的表达下降。
结论：进行短期的欧米伽－3多不饱和脂肪酸低脂饮食（LF/FOS）的干预饮食便可引起前列腺癌患者血浆、臀部脂肪组织中欧米伽－3 /欧米伽－6多不饱和脂肪酸比率明显增加。这种饮食预防和抑制前列腺癌发生和进展的可能机制是通过改变环氧化酶－2的表达和前列腺素的产生作用的，这还需要进一步的研究。Urology
Volume 58, Issue 2, August 2001, Pages 283-288

　　食鱼与前列腺癌风险
　　DrPaul Terry PhDa, , Paul Lichtenstein PhDa, Maria Feychting PhDb, ProfAnders Ahlbom PhDb and DrAlicja Wolk Med Sca
医学流行病学部，斯德哥尔摩环境医学部，斯德哥尔摩，瑞典
Volume 357, Issue 9270, 2 June 2001, Pages 1764-1766
　　
　　摘要
　　摄入鱼油可能降低前列腺癌发生风险，尽管关于食鱼的流行病学研究还比较少。我们对6272名瑞典人进行了前瞻性种群研究，分析了食鱼与前列腺癌的相互联系。经过30年的随访，我们发现那些不食鱼的人群比大量食鱼或适量食鱼的患者前列腺癌发病风险高2到3倍。我们的研究结果提示食鱼可能与降低前列腺癌发生风险相关。
Modulation of omega-3/omega-6 polyunsaturated ratios with dietary fish oils in men with prostate cancer
William J. Aronson , a, John A. Glaspyb, Srinivasa T. Reddyc, David Reesed, David Hebere and Dilprit Baggab
a Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine and West Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
b Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
c Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
d Urologic Oncology Program, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California, USA
e Center for Human Nutrition, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
Received 21 December 2000; revised 12 March 2001; accepted 12 March 2001 Available online 7 March 2002.
Abstract

Objectives. The results of epidemiologic and animal studies support the role of a low-fat diet supplemented with omega-3 fatty acids contained in fish oil in preventing the development and progression of prostate cancer. As a first step in studying the role of a low-fat, fish oil-supplemented (LF/FOS) diet in a clinical setting, we conducted a prospective study in men with untreated prostate cancer to evaluate whether a 3-month dietary intervention affects the ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 fatty acids in plasma and gluteal fat. In addition, we evaluated the feasibility of studying cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in serial prostate needle biopsy specimens before and after the diet.

Methods. Nine men with untreated prostate cancer consumed an LF/FOS diet for 3 months. Plasma, gluteal adipose tissue, and prostate needle biopsy specimens were obtained from each patient before and after the intervention. The fatty acid compositions of the plasma and gluteal adipose tissue were determined by gas-liquid chromatography, and the COX-2 expression in the prostatic tissue specimens was determined by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Results. Short-term intervention with an LF/FOS diet caused a significant increase in the omega-3/omega-6 fatty acid ratio in plasma (P = 0.002) and gluteal adipose tissue (P = 0.002) in men with prostate cancer. The COX-2 expression in prostatic tissue was quantitated by RT-PCR in 7 of 9 patients, and COX-2 expression decreased in 4 of these 7 patients.

Conclusions. A short-term dietary intervention in men with prostate cancer leads to a significant increase in the omega-3/omega-6 fatty acid ratios in plasma and adipose tissue. The potential for this diet to prevent the development and progression of prostate cancer by way of altered COX-2 expression and prostaglandin production in prostatic tissue requires further study.
Urology
Volume 58, Issue 2, August 2001, Pages 283-288
Research Letters
Fatty fish consumption and risk of prostate cancer
DrPaul Terry PhDa, , , Paul Lichtenstein PhDa, Maria Feychting PhDb, ProfAnders Ahlbom PhDb and DrAlicja Wolk Med Sca
aDepartment of Medical Epidemiology
bDepartment of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Volume 357, Issue 9270, 2 June 2001, Pages 1764-1766
Summary
Consumption of fatty fish might reduce the risk of prostate cancer, although epidemiological studies of fish consumption are rare. We studied the association between fish consumption and prostate cancer in a population-based prospective cohort of 6272 Swedish men. During 30 years of follow-up, men who ate no fish had a two-fold to three-fold higher frequency of prostate cancer than those who ate moderate or high amounts did. Our results suggest that fish consumption could be associated with decreased risk of prostate cancer.
Modulation of omega-3/omega-6 polyunsaturated ratios with dietary fish oils in men with prostate cancer
William J. Aronson , a, John A. Glaspyb, Srinivasa T. Reddyc, David Reesed, David Hebere and Dilprit Baggab
a Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine and West Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
b Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
c Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
d Urologic Oncology Program, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California, USA
e Center for Human Nutrition, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
Received 21 December 2000; revised 12 March 2001; accepted 12 March 2001 Available online 7 March 2002.

Abstract

Objectives. The results of epidemiologic and animal studies support the role of a low-fat diet supplemented with omega-3 fatty acids contained in fish oil in preventing the development and progression of prostate cancer. As a first step in studying the role of a low-fat, fish oil-supplemented (LF/FOS) diet in a clinical setting, we conducted a prospective study in men with untreated prostate cancer to evaluate whether a 3-month dietary intervention affects the ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 fatty acids in plasma and gluteal fat. In addition, we evaluated the feasibility of studying cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in serial prostate needle biopsy specimens before and after the diet.

Methods. Nine men with untreated prostate cancer consumed an LF/FOS diet for 3 months. Plasma, gluteal adipose tissue, and prostate needle biopsy specimens were obtained from each patient before and after the intervention. The fatty acid compositions of the plasma and gluteal adipose tissue were determined by gas-liquid chromatography, and the COX-2 expression in the prostatic tissue specimens was determined by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Results. Short-term intervention with an LF/FOS diet caused a significant increase in the omega-3/omega-6 fatty acid ratio in plasma (P = 0.002) and gluteal adipose tissue (P = 0.002) in men with prostate cancer. The COX-2 expression in prostatic tissue was quantitated by RT-PCR in 7 of 9 patients, and COX-2 expression decreased in 4 of these 7 patients.

Conclusions. A short-term dietary intervention in men with prostate cancer leads to a significant increase in the omega-3/omega-6 fatty acid ratios in plasma and adipose tissue. The potential for this diet to prevent the development and progression of prostate cancer by way of altered COX-2 expression and prostaglandin production in prostatic tissue requires further study.